Zarma Verb "haŋ" — to drink

haŋ

to drink

Type

Action verb

Patterns

6 tense/aspect forms

Completive (Past)

The unmarked (bare) verb form expresses completed actions — the default past tense.

Completive (past)

Structure: Subject + haŋ

Ay haŋ.

I drank.

Incompletive (Habitual)

The marker "ga" before the verb expresses habitual or general present actions.

Habitual marker: ga

Structure: Subject + ga + haŋ

Ay ga haŋ.

I drink (regularly).

Progressive (Ongoing)

The marker "go ga" expresses actions currently in progress.

Progressive marker: go ga

Structure: Subject + go ga + haŋ

Ay go ga haŋ.

I am drinking.

Future

The marker "ma" before the verb expresses future actions or intentions.

Future marker: ma

Structure: Subject + ma + haŋ

Ay ma haŋ.

I will drink.

Negative (Habitual)

The marker "si" negates habitual or present actions.

Negative habitual marker: si

Structure: Subject + si + haŋ

Ay si haŋ.

I don't drink.

Negative (Past)

The marker "mana" negates completed past actions.

Negative past marker: mana

Structure: Subject + mana + haŋ

Ay mana haŋ.

I didn't drink.

Imperative (Commands)

Singular uses the bare verb. Plural adds wa before the verb.

Form	Zarma
Singular (you)	Haŋ!
Plural (you all)	Wa haŋ!

Example Sentences

Haŋ hari!

Drink water!

Ay go ga haŋ ataay.

I am drinking tea.

Izey ga haŋ hari.

The children drink water.