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Arabic Conjugation of the Wolof Verb "jox" — to give
Perfect (Completed)
The perfect paradigm expresses completed actions. The verb comes first, followed by the subject marker. This is the most neutral way to state that something happened.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | jox naa |
| yow (you sg.) | jox nga |
| moom (he/she) | jox na |
| nun (we) | jox nañu |
| yeen (you pl.) | jox ngeen |
| ñoom (they) | jox nañu |
Presentative (Progressive)
The presentative paradigm describes a current state or action in progress. The subject marker with "ngi" comes before the verb, similar to "I am (doing)" in English.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | maa ngi jox |
| yow (you sg.) | yaa ngi jox |
| moom (he/she) | mu ngi jox |
| nun (we) | nu ngi jox |
| yeen (you pl.) | yéena ngi jox |
| ñoom (they) | ñu ngi jox |
Emphatic (Verb Focus)
The emphatic paradigm highlights the action itself. The "da-" prefix fuses with the subject marker before the verb. Used for emphasis or in narrative contexts.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | dama jox |
| yow (you sg.) | danga jox |
| moom (he/she) | dafa jox |
| nun (we) | dañu jox |
| yeen (you pl.) | dangeen jox |
| ñoom (they) | dañu jox |
Negative
The negative paradigm negates the action. The "du-" prefix fuses with the subject marker. Covers both "don't" (habitual) and "won't" (future).
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | duma jox |
| yow (you sg.) | doo jox |
| moom (he/she) | du jox |
| nun (we) | dunu jox |
| yeen (you pl.) | dungeen jox |
| ñoom (they) | duñu jox |
Future
The future paradigm expresses actions that will happen. The "dina-" prefix fuses with the subject marker before the verb.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | dinaa jox |
| yow (you sg.) | dinga jox |
| moom (he/she) | dina jox |
| nun (we) | dinañu jox |
| yeen (you pl.) | dingeen jox |
| ñoom (they) | dinañu jox |
Imperative (Commands)
Singular uses the bare verb stem. Plural adds the suffix -leen.
| Form | Wolof |
|---|---|
| Singular (you) | Jox! |
| Plural (you all) | Joxleen! |
Example Sentences
Jox ma ko!
Give it to me!
Dafa jox ma xaalis.
He/she gave me money.
Dinaa la jox.
I will give it to you.