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Arabic Conjugation of the Wolof Verb "jàng" — to study / to read
Perfect (Completed)
The perfect paradigm expresses completed actions. The verb comes first, followed by the subject marker. This is the most neutral way to state that something happened.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | jàng naa |
| yow (you sg.) | jàng nga |
| moom (he/she) | jàng na |
| nun (we) | jàng nañu |
| yeen (you pl.) | jàng ngeen |
| ñoom (they) | jàng nañu |
Presentative (Progressive)
The presentative paradigm describes a current state or action in progress. The subject marker with "ngi" comes before the verb, similar to "I am (doing)" in English.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | maa ngi jàng |
| yow (you sg.) | yaa ngi jàng |
| moom (he/she) | mu ngi jàng |
| nun (we) | nu ngi jàng |
| yeen (you pl.) | yéena ngi jàng |
| ñoom (they) | ñu ngi jàng |
Emphatic (Verb Focus)
The emphatic paradigm highlights the action itself. The "da-" prefix fuses with the subject marker before the verb. Used for emphasis or in narrative contexts.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | dama jàng |
| yow (you sg.) | danga jàng |
| moom (he/she) | dafa jàng |
| nun (we) | dañu jàng |
| yeen (you pl.) | dangeen jàng |
| ñoom (they) | dañu jàng |
Negative
The negative paradigm negates the action. The "du-" prefix fuses with the subject marker. Covers both "don't" (habitual) and "won't" (future).
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | duma jàng |
| yow (you sg.) | doo jàng |
| moom (he/she) | du jàng |
| nun (we) | dunu jàng |
| yeen (you pl.) | dungeen jàng |
| ñoom (they) | duñu jàng |
Future
The future paradigm expresses actions that will happen. The "dina-" prefix fuses with the subject marker before the verb.
| Person | Wolof |
|---|---|
| man (I) | dinaa jàng |
| yow (you sg.) | dinga jàng |
| moom (he/she) | dina jàng |
| nun (we) | dinañu jàng |
| yeen (you pl.) | dingeen jàng |
| ñoom (they) | dinañu jàng |
Imperative (Commands)
Singular uses the bare verb stem. Plural adds the suffix -leen.
| Form | Wolof |
|---|---|
| Singular (you) | Jàng! |
| Plural (you all) | Jàngleen! |
Example Sentences
Maa ngi jàng Wolof.
I am studying Wolof.
Jàng naa tëere bi.
I read the book.
Xale yi ñu ngi jàng.
The children are studying.