Volume 3 Unit 38 of 55

John Gives Up Smoking to Buy a Car

FSI Spanish Basic Course

Grammar Focus

  • Present subjunctive in noun clauses functioning as subject of a verb

Course Material

38.1 Basic Sentences — John Gives Up Smoking to Buy a Car

Sunday at noon José enters a bar and runs into Juan there.

Dialogue

EnglishSpanish
What’s new, Juan? How goes it with you?¿Qué hay de nuevo, Juan? ¿Cómo te va?
So, so, just middling.Así, así. Regular.
Have you heard the latest news?¿Sabes la última noticia?
No. What is it?No. ¿Qué es?
That I’ve stopped smoking.Que he dejado de fumar.
Really?¿De veras?
You heard me say it.Como lo oyes.
I have to buy myself a car, and I have to save up.Es necesario que me compre un coche y tengo que ahorrar.
What a way to save! But really it’s better for you to do it.¡Qué manera de ahorrar! Pero realmente es mejor que lo hagas.
Are you going to buy it second hand?¿Lo vas a comprar de segunda mano?
Of course. I have a very good opportunity.Desde luego. Tengo una oportunidad muy buena.
And Carmen? How is she getting along?Y Carmen, ¿qué es de su vida?
She’s gone to see her grandmother, who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su abuela que está muy enferma.
So… What do you say we go to a movie?Así que… ¿Qué tal si nos vamos al cine?
Good idea. What’s on?Buena idea. ¿Qué dan?
There are a couple of very good pictures.Hay un par de películas muy buenas.
Have you got a cigarette?¿Tienes un cigarrillo?
Aren’t you the guy who wasn’t going to smoke?¿Tú eres el que no ibas a fumar?
Well, … this is the last one. And give me a match, too.Bueno, … éste es el último. Y dame un fósforo también.

Vocabulary

EnglishSpanish
middling, fairregular
the newsla noticia
to smokefumar
reallyde veras
to saveahorrar
the wayla manera
the handla mano
at second handde segunda mano
of coursedesde luego
the opportunityla oportunidad
what about, what’s new with…que es de…
the grandmotherla abuela
sickenfermo
the movieel cine
to give, to offer, to show (a movie)dar
the filmla película
the cigaretteel cigarrillo
the matchel fósforo

38.10 Notes on the Basic Sentences

(1) Regular does not imply ‘quite regularly,’ that is, ‘normally.’ It means somewhat below normal, ‘not so good’ or the like, and calls for a question about ‘What’s the matter?’

(2) Literally not ‘have you heard about’ but ‘do you know about.’

(3) Literally not ‘stopped’ but ‘ceased from.’

(4) Literally ‘as you hear it.’ This is not a rude reply as it would certainly be in English. It merely confirms the original assertion, quite without any implication of abruptness or impatience.

(5) Notice the difference between English and Spanish structure reflected in this translation: ‘It’s better for you to do it’ rather than ‘It’s better that you do it.’ The matter was discussed in detail in Unit 37.

(6) That is, he has a deal.

(7) In most areas of Latin America el fósforo is the regular word for ‘match’; in Spain it is la cerilla, in Mexico el cerillo.


38.2 Drills and Grammar

38.21.1 Present Subjunctive in Noun Clauses Functioning as the Subject of a Verb

Certain impersonal expressions (consisting of es plus an adjective which does not indicate certainty) and impersonal verbs (which appear only in their 3 sg forms and have a subordinate clause or an infinitive as their subject) require the appearance of a subjunctive form in the subordinate clause.

Illustrations

EnglishSpanish
I have to buy myself a car, and I have to save up.Es necesario que me compre un coche y tengo que ahorrar.
But really it’s better for you to do it.¡Qué manera de ahorrar! Pero realmente es mejor que lo hagas.
Is it necessary for you to take fingerprints?¿Es preciso que tomen las huellas digitales?
It’s possible that it’ll be cloudy tomorrow.Es posible que mañana esté nublado.
It’s likely her husband is upstairs.Es probable que su marido esté arriba.
It’s very important for you to bring me the ham and the fruit.Es muy importante que me traiga el jamón y la fruta.
It’s not sure the boys will inherit the house.No es seguro que los varones hereden la casa.
It’s a pity you don’t have a racquet.Es lástima que Ud. no tenga raqueta.
It doesn’t sit well with me for my daughter to go out with a divorced man.No me conviene que mi hija salga con un divorciado.
It doesn’t matter if the apartment’s furnished.No importa que el apartamento esté amueblado.
It’s worthwhile for you to send your clothes to the laundry on the corner.Vale la pena que Ud. mande la ropa a la lavandería de la esquina.
It surprises me that Carmen has no appetite.Me sorprende que Carmen esté tan desganada.

Grammar

The pattern of subjunctive usage drilled in this unit is the appearance of subjunctive verb forms in a subordinate clause which functions as the subject of an impersonal verb or verb-complement phrase consisting of ser plus an adjective or noun.

The common feature in this pattern seems to be ‘lack of certainty’ expressed by the adjective (or noun) following ser or inherent in the verb itself. Certain adjectives and nouns which themselves express ‘certainty’ occur in this subjunctive construction only when the impersonal verb or verb-complement phrase is negative.

Impersonal verb-complement phrases requiring subjunctive: es probable, es necesario, es mejor, es lástima, no es cierto, es preciso, es posible, no es seguro, es importante, no es verdad

Impersonal verbs requiring subjunctive: importa, conviene, vale, sorprende

Expressions requiring indicative (certainty): es cierto, es seguro, es verdad, parece

When no specific person reference is given, an infinitive can be the subject instead of a subjunctive clause:

ConstructionExample
Infinitive (no person)Es imposible venir. — ‘It’s impossible to come.‘
Infinitive + clitic (person, unemphatic)Me es imposible venir. — ‘It’s impossible for me to come.‘
Subjunctive clause (person, emphatic)Es imposible que yo venga. — ‘It’s impossible for me to come.‘

Translation Drill

EnglishSpanish
It’s necessary for me to pronounce better.Es necesario que yo pronuncie mejor.
Is it possible for me to call the cleaners now?¿Es posible que llame ahora a la tintorería?
Is it better for me to send the suits?¿Es mejor que yo mande los trajes?
It’s probable we’ll receive something.Es probable que recibamos algo.
It’s not sure there’ll be an inspection.No es seguro que haya inspección.
It doesn’t matter if the official comes.No importa que venga el oficial.
It’s possible that they’ll check my handbag.Es posible que me revisen el maletín.
It’s difficult for us to go to bed early.Es difícil que nos acostemos temprano.
It’s a pity she’s not here.Es lástima que ella no esté aquí.
It’s important for us to translate this letter.Es importante que nosotros traduzcamos esta carta.
It’s not sure that I’ll work this week.No es seguro que yo trabaje esta semana.
It’s necessary for you to speak with the pilot.Es necesario que Uds. hablen con el piloto.
It’s likely to be cold.Es probable que haga frío.
It’s not possible for us to convince her.No es posible que nosotros la convenzamos.
It’s better for you not to complain so much.Es mejor que Uds. no se quejen tanto.
It’s good for them to have a good time.Es bueno que ellos se diviertan.
It doesn’t matter if you pay tomorrow.No importa que Uds. paguen mañana.

Note: The full drills (substitution drills, replacement drills, response drills, and variation drills) are designed for oral work with audio. Open the Student Text PDF for complete drill sets.

Variation Drills

A. ¿Qué hay de nuevo, Juan?

EnglishSpanish
What’s new, Mary?¿Qué hay de nuevo, María?
What’s there to eat, Mary?¿Qué hay de comer, María?
What’s there to drink, Mary?¿Qué hay de tomar, María?
What’s for dessert, Mary?¿Qué hay de postre, María?
What about the equipment?¿Qué hay del equipo?
What about the vaccination certificate?¿Qué hay del certificado de vacuna?
What is there?¿Qué hay?

B. He dejado de fumar.

EnglishSpanish
I’ve stopped practicing tennis.He dejado de practicar tenis.
I’ve stopped giving presents.He dejado de hacer regalos.
I’ve stopped giving tips.He dejado de dar propinas.
I’ve stopped asking favors.He dejado de pedir favores.
I’ve stopped going to the country.He dejado de ir al campo.
I’ve stopped betting on the races.He dejado de apostar en las carreras.
We’ve stopped selling men’s wear.Hemos dejado de vender artículos para caballeros.

C. Pero realmente es mejor que lo hagas.

EnglishSpanish
But really it’s better for you to say it.Pero realmente es mejor que lo digas.
But really it’s better for you to know it.Pero realmente es mejor que lo sepas.
But it’s necessary for you to bring it.Pero es necesario que lo traigas.
But it’s difficult for you to find it.Pero es difícil que lo encuentres.
But it’s important for you to translate it.Pero es importante que lo traduzcas.
But it’s worse for you to repeat it.Pero es peor que lo repitas.
But it’s not possible for you to have it.Pero no es posible que lo tengas.

D. ¿Lo vas a comprar de segunda mano?

EnglishSpanish
Are you going to buy it cheap?¿Lo vas a comprar barato?
Are you going to sell it dear?¿Lo vas a vender caro?
Are you going to have it ready?¿Lo vas a tener listo?
Are you going to receive it soon?¿Lo vas a recibir pronto?
Are you going to do it afterwards?¿Lo vas a hacer después?
Are you going to finish it right away?¿Lo vas a acabar en seguida?
Are you going to take good care of it?¿Lo vas a cuidar bien?

E. Se ha ido a ver a su abuela que está muy enferma.

EnglishSpanish
She’s gone to see her sister who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su hermana que está muy enferma.
She’s gone to see her daughter who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su hija que está muy enferma.
She’s gone to see her mother who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su mamá que está muy enferma.
She’s gone to see her neighbor who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su vecino que está muy enfermo.
She’s gone to see her husband who is very sick.Se ha ido a ver a su marido que está muy enfermo.
She’s gone to see her parents who are very sick.Se ha ido a ver a sus padres que están muy enfermos.
She’s gone to see her grandparents who are very old.Se ha ido a ver a sus abuelos que están muy viejos.

F. ¿Qué tal si nos vamos al cine?

EnglishSpanish
What do you say we go to the country?¿Qué tal si nos vamos al campo?
What do you say we go afterwards?¿Qué tal si nos vamos después?
What do you say we go together?¿Qué tal si nos vamos juntos?
What do you say we stay here?¿Qué tal si nos quedamos aquí?
What do you say we meet tomorrow?¿Qué tal si nos encontramos mañana?
What do you say we sit up ahead?¿Qué tal si nos sentamos adelante?
What do you say we complain?¿Qué tal si nos quejamos?

38.24 Review Drills

Use of Definite Articles — Generalized Plurals

EnglishSpanish
I like milk.Me gusta la leche.
I like meat.Me gusta la carne.
I like butter.Me gusta la mantequilla.
I like money.Me gusta la plata.
I like soup.Me gusta la sopa.
I like coffee.Me gusta el café.
I like fish.Me gusta el pescado.
I like bread.Me gusta el pan.
I like rice.Me gusta el arroz.
I like chicken.Me gusta el pollo.
I like brunettes.Me gustan las morenas.
I like girls.Me gustan las chicas.
I like parties.Me gustan las fiestas.
I like bullfights.Me gustan las corridas.
I like vegetables.Me gustan las legumbres.
I like Sundays.Me gustan los domingos.
I like ships.Me gustan los barcos.
I like airplanes.Me gustan los aviones.
I like bullfighters.Me gustan los toreros.
I like sports.Me gustan los deportes.
I don’t like problems.No me gustan los problemas.

Use of Indefinite Articles with Modified Nouns after ser

EnglishSpanish
He’s a pilot.Él es piloto.
He’s a good pilot.Él es un buen piloto.
She’s a secretary.Ella es secretaria.
She’s a good secretary.Ella es una buena secretaria.
He’s a captain.Él es capitán.
He’s a good captain.Él es un buen capitán.
He’s a lieutenant.Él es teniente.
He’s a good lieutenant.Él es un buen teniente.
He’s a chauffeur.Él es chofer.
He’s a good chauffeur.Él es un buen chofer.
He’s an officer.Él es oficial.
He’s a good officer.Él es un buen oficial.
He’s an ambassador.Él es embajador.
He’s a good ambassador.Él es un buen embajador.
She’s a dressmaker.Ella es modista.
She’s a good dressmaker.Ella es una buena modista.
He’s a clerk.Él es empleado.
He’s a good clerk.Él es un buen empleado.

38.4 Readings

38.41 Life in Surlandia — Conflictos Internacionales

A reading about the diplomatic conflict between Surlandia and Andivia, covering the overthrow of Andivia’s democratic government by a military junta, Surlandia’s refusal to recognize the new regime, the growing tensions over political exiles, and the eventual invasion that interrupted the Fuentes family’s quiet Saturday afternoon.

38.42 Features — Orígenes del Panamericanismo

A reading about the origins of Pan-Americanism, from Simón Bolívar’s 1826 Congress of Panama through the formation of the Organization of American States, covering the principles of collective security, perpetual union, and arbitration that shaped inter-American relations.