Grammar Focus
- Demonstrative adjectives: ce, cet, cette, ces
- Contractions: à la, au, à l'
- Yes/No questions
- Verbs ending in -ER
Course Material
Basic Sentences — À la gare
Mr. Day is at the railroad station trying to get information about trains and buy tickets.
At the Information Window
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Pardon, Monsieur. | Excuse me, Sir. |
| À quelle heure part le prochain train pour Marseille? | At what time does the next train leave for Marseille? |
| Il y en a un qui part à neuf heures. | There’s one that leaves at nine o’clock. |
| Dois-je changer de train? | Do I have to change trains? |
| Non, c’est un train direct. | No, it’s a through train. |
| Y a-t-il un bon restaurant dans la gare? | Is there a good restaurant in the station? |
| Oui, au bout du quai. | Yes, at the end of the platform. |
At the Restaurant
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Tiens, bonjour, Monsieur Duval. | Well, hello, Mr. Duval. |
| Quand êtes-vous arrivé à Paris? | When did you arrive in Paris? |
| Je suis arrivé ce matin. | I arrived this morning. |
| Combien de temps allez-vous rester ici? | How long are you going to stay here? |
| Trois jours seulement. | Only three days. |
| Est-ce que votre femme est avec vous? | Is your wife with you? |
| Non, elle est encore à Marseille. | No, she’s still in Marseille. |
Departure
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Allez-vous prendre ce train? | Are you going to take this train? |
| Non, le prochain. | No, the next one. |
| Donnez-moi un aller et retour, première classe. | Give me a round-trip ticket, first class. |
| Votre billet, Monsieur? | Your ticket, Sir? |
| Le voilà, je descends à Marseille. | Here it is. I get off at Marseille. |
| Ce n’est pas ce train, Monsieur. | It’s not this train, Sir. |
| C’est le prochain. | It’s the next one. |
| Je me suis trompé de train. | I took the wrong train. |
Useful Words
| French | English |
|---|---|
| un billet | a ticket |
| un aller simple | a one-way ticket |
| un aller et retour | a round-trip ticket |
| première classe | first class |
| deuxième classe | second class |
| un quai | a platform |
| la salle d’attente | the waiting room |
| le guichet | the ticket window |
| un bureau de renseignements | an information office |
| des renseignements | information |
| le prochain train | the next train |
Notes on Grammar
1. Noun-Marker — Demonstrative Adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)
The demonstrative adjective corresponds to English “this,” “that,” “these,” or “those.” It has four forms:
| Form | Used Before | Example |
|---|---|---|
| ce | masculine singular (consonant) | ce train (this train) |
| cet | masculine singular (vowel or mute h) | cet hôtel (this hotel), cet ami (this friend) |
| cette | feminine singular | cette gare (this station), cette amie (this friend) |
| ces | all plurals | ces trains (these trains), ces gares (these stations) |
Like all noun-markers, the demonstrative adjective indicates that a noun follows. It agrees with the noun it precedes in gender and number.
Examples:
- Ce n’est pas ce train. — It’s not this train.
- Voulez-vous remplir ces fiches? — Will you fill out these forms?
- Cet hôtel est très bon. — This hotel is very good.
- Cette chambre me convient. — This room suits me.
2. Contractions with à — (à la, au, à l’, aux)
When the preposition à (to, at, in) precedes a noun with a definite article, contractions occur:
| Combination | Result | Example |
|---|---|---|
| à + le | au | au restaurant (at the restaurant) |
| à + les | aux | aux étudiants (to the students) |
| à + la | à la (no change) | à la gare (at the station) |
| à + l’ | à l’ (no change) | à l’hôtel (at the hotel) |
Similarly, the preposition de (of, from) contracts:
| Combination | Result | Example |
|---|---|---|
| de + le | du | du restaurant (of the restaurant) |
| de + les | des | des étudiants (of the students) |
| de + la | de la (no change) | de la gare (of the station) |
| de + l’ | de l’ (no change) | de l’hôtel (of the hotel) |
Examples:
- Au bout du quai. — At the end of the platform.
- Y a-t-il un bon restaurant dans la gare? — Is there a good restaurant in the station?
3. Yes/No Questions
There are three common ways to ask a yes/no question in French:
a) Inversion of subject and verb:
- Êtes-vous seul? — Are you alone?
- Avez-vous des nouvelles? — Do you have news?
When the subject is a noun, the noun stays before the verb and a pronoun is added after:
- Votre femme est-elle avec vous? — Is your wife with you?
b) Using est-ce que:
- Est-ce que votre femme est avec vous? — Is your wife with you?
- Est-ce que vous êtes satisfait? — Are you satisfied?
Est-ce que does not change the word order of the sentence that follows it.
c) Rising intonation (spoken French):
- Votre femme est avec vous? — Your wife is with you?
- Vous êtes satisfait? — You’re satisfied?
This method simply uses rising intonation at the end of a statement.
4. -ER Verbs (First Conjugation)
The largest group of French verbs have infinitives ending in -er. These are called first-conjugation verbs. To conjugate them, drop the -er ending and add the appropriate endings:
| Subject | Ending | Example: arriver |
|---|---|---|
| je | -e | j’arrive |
| il/elle/on | -e | il arrive |
| ils/elles | -ent | ils arrivent |
| nous | -ons | nous arrivons |
| vous | -ez | vous arrivez |
Note that je, il, ils forms sound the same in spoken French — the endings -e, -e, -ent are all silent.
Common -ER verbs:
| French | English |
|---|---|
| arriver | to arrive |
| chercher | to look for |
| changer | to change |
| demander | to ask |
| donner | to give |
| montrer | to show |
| rester | to stay |
| trouver | to find |
| parler | to speak |
Examples from the dialog:
- Quand arrivez-vous? — When do you arrive?
- Je cherche un bon restaurant. — I’m looking for a good restaurant.
- Dois-je changer de train? — Do I have to change trains?
Lexical Drills (Selected)
Model: À quelle heure part le prochain train?
| French | English |
|---|---|
| À quelle heure part le dernier train? | What time does the last train leave? |
| À quelle heure arrive le prochain train? | What time does the next train arrive? |
| À quelle heure arrive le premier train? | What time does the first train arrive? |
| À quelle heure part le train direct? | What time does the through train leave? |
Model: Je suis arrivé ce matin.
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Je suis arrivé ce soir. | I arrived this evening. |
| Je suis arrivé hier. | I arrived yesterday. |
| Je suis arrivé hier soir. | I arrived last night. |
| Je suis arrivé aujourd’hui. | I arrived today. |
| Je suis arrivé à midi. | I arrived at noon. |
Model: Combien de temps allez-vous rester ici?
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Combien de temps allez-vous rester à Paris? | How long are you going to stay in Paris? |
| Combien de temps allez-vous rester en France? | How long are you going to stay in France? |
| Combien de temps allez-vous rester à la gare? | How long are you going to stay at the station? |
| Combien de temps allez-vous rester à l’hôtel? | How long are you going to stay at the hotel? |
Translation Drill
Translate these sentences into French:
- What time does the next train leave? — À quelle heure part le prochain train?
- I arrived this morning. — Je suis arrivé ce matin.
- How long are you going to stay here? — Combien de temps allez-vous rester ici?
- Give me a round-trip ticket, first class. — Donnez-moi un aller et retour, première classe.
- I took the wrong train. — Je me suis trompé de train.
- Is there a good restaurant in the station? — Y a-t-il un bon restaurant dans la gare?
- Is your wife with you? — Est-ce que votre femme est avec vous?
- These rooms suit me just fine. — Ces chambres me conviennent tout à fait.
- We arrive at noon. — Nous arrivons à midi.
- He’s looking for the ticket window. — Il cherche le guichet.
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